胃食道逆流性疾病的非药理学方法:基于证据的饮食和生活方式干预措施
Luisa Bertin1, Federico Caldart2, Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino1
1Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy; Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy.
Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology
|December 21, 2025
概括
饮食干预措施对控制胃食道逆流性疾病 (GERD) 症状有希望,低碳水化合物饮食和触发性食物消除证明有效. 个性化的营养策略是长期GERD管理的关键.
科学领域:
- 胃肠病学和营养科学 胃肠病学和营养科学
背景情况:
- 胃食道逆流性疾病 (GERD) 影响了西方人口的很大一部分,许多人经历了持续的症状,尽管标准的质子抑制剂治疗.
- 耐火性GERD需要探索传统药理学之外的替代治疗策略.
研究的目的:
- 对GERD的饮食干预进行全面的叙事审查.
- 分析各种饮食方法在管理GERD症状和客观反流参数方面的临床疗效和机制性逻辑.
主要方法:
- 对评估GERD患者饮食干预措施的研究进行系统审查.
- 使用经过验证的症状评分 (例如,GERD-Q) 和客观措施 (例如,24小时pH阻抗监测) 分析临床疗效.
- 检查病理生理机制,干预的有效性和实施策略.
主要成果:
- 低碳水化合物饮食显著减少了食道酸暴露时间 (平均差异-2.83%).
- 消除触发性食物可以使GERD-Q得分提高23%,使45%的患者能够停止服用药物.
- 植物性饮食显示出保护作用 (50%的GERD患病率降低),体重控制在超重个体中非常有效 (37%至15%的GERD患病率).
结论:
- 结构化的饮食干预措施为GERD管理提供了临床上有意义的好处.
- 虽然有希望,但研究异质性和短试验持续时间限制了最终的建议.
- 未来的研究应该专注于精准医学算法,用于GERD的个性化饮食处方.
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