人工智能驱动的前列腺癌诊断:提高准确性和个性化患者护理
Xiaoyi Zhang1, Na Xiao2, Hao Liang3
1NYC Health & Hospital/Jacobi, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY.
Urologic oncology
|December 21, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 在前列腺癌诊断方面表现有前途,与成像和数字病理学方面的专家表现相匹配或超过. 人工智能工具可以提高准确性,减少假阳性,并简化工作流程,以获得更好的患者结果.
科学领域:
- 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科
- 医疗成像医学成像
- 计算病理学计算病理学
背景情况:
- 前列腺癌诊断面临PSA,mpMRI和组织病理学方面的挑战,包括错误阳性和过度治疗风险.
- 当前的诊断方法表现出观察者之间的变化,影响准确性和患者管理.
- 人工智能 (AI) 为增强前列腺癌诊断途径提供了潜在的解决方案.
研究的目的:
- 审查前列腺癌成像和数字病理学的AI应用的证据.
- 评估AI与专家临床医生的表现及其对诊断工作流程的影响.
- 确定人工智能在临床实践中实施的未来研究需求.
主要方法:
- 2015年至2025年2月期间发表的同行评审人类研究的叙述性综述.
- 在PubMed,科学网和谷歌学者数据库中进行的搜索.
- 在多参数磁共振成像 (mpMRI) 和数字病理学中分析AI性能.
主要成果:
- 人工智能系统在mpMRI解释中表现出与专家放射科医生相当或优于专家放射科医生的性能 (AUROC 0.91对比0.86).
- 人工智能检测出了更多具有临床意义的癌症 (GG≥2),错误阳性和惰性癌症较少 (GG1).
- 数字病理学中的AI实现了高灵敏度 (97.7%) 和特异性 (99.3%),减少了工作量和报告时间.
结论:
- 人工智能在前列腺癌诊断中显示出作为第二读者或分拣工具的巨大潜力.
- 标准化的AI部署,质量保证和本地校准对于临床整合至关重要.
- 需要进一步的多中心前性研究和现实世界的证据来确认患者的治疗结果和成本效益.
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