对儿童注意力缺陷/多动障碍和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的联系的多睡眠学见解
Olga Lacki1, James Slaven2, Jerry Rushton1
1Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
概括
患有注意力缺陷多动症 (ADHD) 的儿童经常有睡眠问题,但多睡眠学显示没有与ADHD单独相关的独特睡眠障碍. 在ADHD儿童中阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA) 除了OSA本身之外,并没有呈现出明显的PSG发现.
科学领域:
- 儿科睡眠医学 儿科睡眠医学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
背景情况:
- 睡眠障碍在患有注意力缺陷多动症障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童中很常见.
- 对ADHD睡眠的客观多睡眠测量,特别是同时出现阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA),报告不一致.
- 以前的研究没有充分比较兴奋剂药物治疗与非药物治疗的ADHD和OSA儿童.
研究的目的:
- 在被诊断为ADHD的儿童中识别特征性的多睡眠图 (PSG) 睡眠障碍,有或没有OSA.
- 为了比较ADHD单独,OSA单独和ADHD+OSA组合儿童之间的睡眠参数.
主要方法:
- 2019-2022年4-18岁儿童的医疗图表和多睡眠图 (PSG) 的回顾性审查.
- 分析的组:没有OSA/ADHD,仅有OSA,仅有ADHD,以及ADHD+OSA.
- 统计分析以确定睡眠变量中的显著差异,包括睡眠效率 (SE) 和定期四肢运动 (PLM).
主要成果:
- 患有ADHD的儿童经常被诊断为失眠,但他们的睡眠效率并不比其他组明显差.
- 在所有组中都没有观察到定期四肢运动 (PLM) 的显著差异.
- 在患有ADHD和OSA的儿童中,PSG发现与仅由OSA解释的结果没有区别,即使考虑到兴奋剂药物.
结论:
- 患有多动症儿童的临床失眠诊断与标准PSG参数无关.
- 需要新的亚临床PSG生物标志物来识别ADHD特定的睡眠特征.
- 在ADHD患者中查OSA以及对睡眠问题的彻底临床评估至关重要.
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