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奖励网络激活的性别差异与高风险青少年中的问题性物质使用有关
Olivia K Murray1,2,3, Paola P Mattey-Mora1,2, Joseph Aloi1,2
1Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Advances in drug and alcohol research
|December 22, 2025
概括
青少年外部化障碍增加了物质使用风险. 风险决策期间的大脑活动,特别是在女性中,可能会防止物质使用障碍 (SUDs).
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 患有外部化 (EXT) 障碍的青少年由于决策能力受损,患有物质使用障碍 (SUD) 的风险更高.
- 在患有EXT障碍的年轻人中,SUD发育的性别差异未得到充分研究.
- 之前的神经成像显示,在有风险的决策过程中,在EXT障碍的男性和女性中,大脑的激活明显.
研究的目的:
- 研究风险决策的神经机制中的性别差异.
- 检查脑激活模式与EXT障碍青少年问题性物质使用的发展之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 在进行气球模拟风险任务 (BART) 时,有115名具有EXT精神病理的无毒青少年 (78名男性,37名女性) 接受了fMRI.
- 参与者和监护人每6个月填写问卷,评估问题性物质使用情况.
- 统计分析,包括Cox比例危险模型,评估了大脑激活和SUD风险的性别差异.
主要成果:
- 风险决策期间更高的核激活与女性较低的SUD风险有关.
- 男性的SUD风险降低,核本激活率更高.
- 具有较高下前带皮质激活率的女性也表现出较低的SUD风险.
结论:
- 奖励处理区域中的神经活动可能会提供对物质使用的保护,特别是在患有EXT障碍的女性中.
- 这些发现强调了性别特异的神经机制在理解SUD风险方面的重要性.
- 强调需要针对EXT障碍青少年进行量身定制的研究和干预措施.
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