饮食中的行为适应维持了在南极洲孤立,受限和极端环境中的营养成分组成
Bea Klos1, Daniela Reinhardt1, Andrea Meyer1
1Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Frontiers in nutrition
|December 22, 2025
概括
在隔离,封闭和极端 (ICE) 环境中工作的船员由于能量摄入不足而减肥,而不是饮食质量差. 饮食习惯适应,但持续的营养供应对于长期任务至关重要.
科学领域:
- 人类生理学 人类生理学
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 太空医学 太空医学
背景情况:
- 在孤立,封闭和极端 (ICE) 环境中监测饮食摄入量对于理解生理适应和减轻健康风险至关重要.
- 在ICE条件下减少能量摄入是常见的,但营养因素尚未得到充分理解.
- 这项研究调查了一年南极冬季任务期间的饮食摄入量变化.
研究的目的:
- 系统地检查在南极洲康科迪亚站的一个为期一年的冬季任务期间饮食摄入量的纵向变化.
- 评估机组人员的营养摄入量,宏观营养素分布和胃肠道症状.
- 在极端环境中确定生理变化的营养决定因素.
主要方法:
- 收集了34名船员在康科迪亚火车站三个12个月的冬季活动中的饮食摄入量数据.
- 在五个时间点 (基线,入驻,后续) 使用了经过验证的食物频率问卷.
- 计算能量,宏观和微量营养素摄入量;评估胃肠道症状.
主要成果:
- 参与者逐渐减轻体重 (-4.5%±6.1%),这表明他们的能量不足.
- 尽管食物组摄入量发生了变化,但宏观营养素分布保持稳定;纤维摄入量暂时下降 (p < 0.001).
- 胃肠道症状在很大程度上不存在,这表明饮食变化没有显著的功能障碍.
结论:
- 尽管面临环境挑战,但机组人员维持了稳定的营养分配,这表明饮食质量充足.
- 减肥归因于能量摄入不足,而不是饮食质量差.
- 饮食行为在ICE条件下具有适应性,强调需要强大的供应策略来确保营养充足性和弹性.
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