墨西哥狼和山狮的动态风险影响鹿的食行为
Julia E Olson1, Cara J Thompson1, Zachary J Farley1
1New Mexico State University Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Ecology Las Cruces New Mexico USA.
Ecology and evolution
|December 22, 2025
概括
鹿 (Cervus canadensis) 在面对墨西哥灰狼和山狮的掠夺风险时,减少了食,增加了警和多任务处理. 他们通过减少休息和在一天中更多地食来补偿这一点.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 野生动物行为 野生动物行为
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 食时间对于类动物的活动预算至关重要,但通常受到像警这样的反捕食者行为限制.
- 警期间的多任务处理可以减轻掠食风险下的营养成本,但响应因掠食者类型和景观复杂性而异.
研究的目的:
- 量化鹿的食,警和多任务行为,以应对来自墨西哥灰狼 (Canis lupus baileyi) 和山狮 (Puma concolor) 的不同掠食风险.
- 了解鹿如何调整其活动预算以应对微小规模的时间空间掠食者风险.
主要方法:
- 观测到鹿在不同季节和不同时间段的食和警.
- 使用息地选择函数和利用分布量化捕食者遭遇和杀死风险.
- 模拟鹿行为 (食,警,多任务) 作为预测掠食者风险,时间和环境共变量的函数,包括人类的存在.
主要成果:
- 鹿减少了食,在预测狼或山狮风险较高的地区增加了强烈的警和多任务处理.
- 鹿减少了休息时间,增加了每天累积的食次数,以补偿警.
- 多任务的概率取决于短期和长期狼风险之间的相互作用;在最高的狼风险组合下,强烈的警达到顶峰.
结论:
- 鹿对掠食风险表现出复杂的行为调整,包括减少食和增加警/多任务处理,以减少休息来补偿.
- 捕食者-猎物动态研究必须考虑这些非消费效应和猎物物种的细度行为反应.
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