印度的药品负担能力和获取能力:在Jan Aushadhi计划下,从通用品牌价格变化中吸取教训
Deepak Kumar Behera1, Dil B Rahut2, Mehnaaz Dhanal Mehboobali3
1Economics and Finance Department, The Business School, RMIT International University Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Frontiers in public health
|December 22, 2025
概括
印度的Jan Aushadhi计划 (JAS) 提高了药品负担能力,但也面临着挑战. 获得不平等,价格差异和低通用药的吸收限制了其影响,需要改善政策以获得更好的医疗保健.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 制药政策 制药政策
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 药品的高出口袋支出 (OOPE) 是印度经济困难的重要原因.
- 人民健康计划 (JAS) 旨在通过通用替代品提高药品负担能力和获取能力.
- 关于JAS的定价动态,可负担性和股权影响的系统证据有限.
研究的目的:
- 分析印度的Jan Aushadhi计划 (JAS) 下药品的定价,负担能力和公平性.
- 为了比较品牌配方与Jan Aushadhi通用药物治疗眼睛,耳朵,鼻子和喉 (ENT) 疾病.
- 评估品牌扩散对价格分散的影响,并使用WHO/HAI基准评估可负担性.
主要方法:
- 从CIMS和PMBI数据对696种品牌配方与Jan Aushadhi通用药物的观察性分析.
- 使用WHO/HAI一天工资基准计算成本比率,价格变化百分比和可负担性.
- 相关性和回归模型评估品牌扩散对价格分散的影响;对慢性疾病和Kendra分布的补充分析.
主要成果:
- 品牌配方显示价格差异很大,更多的品牌与更高的价格分散有关.
- 大多数JAS药物按世卫组织的门价格负担得起,但对低收入群体来说,长期治疗,如青光眼药物仍然很昂贵.
- 尽管Kendra网络增长,但人均可用性仍然存在显著的地理不平等;全球范围内国内仿制药的采用滞后.
结论:
- "人民医疗计划"提高了医药负担能力,但由于获得不平等,价格变化和低采用率而面临限制.
- 加强监管监督,加强地理分布,解决仿制药的看法对于最大限度地提高JAS的影响至关重要.
- 未来的研究应该采用准实验方法,并纳入患者数据,以充分理解负担能力 - 访问 - 坚持的途径.
相关概念视频
01:22Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence
162
Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...
162
01:16Bioequivalence: Overview
1.6K
Pharmaceutical equivalents, by definition, are drug products with the same active ingredient in the same quantities, encapsulated in identical dosage forms, and intended for the same administration routes. These pharmaceutical equivalents are deemed bioequivalent if the bioavailability of the active entity in the drug preparations is similar. Moreover, pharmaceutical equivalents demonstrating bioequivalence are also regarded as therapeutically equivalent. This means that when used as directed,...
1.6K
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
3.9K
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
3.9K
01:09Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications
138
The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...
138
01:17Drug Nomenclature
2.9K
During the development of a new pharmaceutical, the manufacturer initially assigns a code name to the drug. Once approved, the drug receives a United States Adopted Name (USAN)—a generic, nonproprietary designation. Upon being listed in the United States Pharmacopeia, this nonproprietary name becomes the drug's official name. Additionally, the manufacturer assigns a proprietary name or trademark, which serves as the brand name under which the drug is marketed. It is worth noting that...
2.9K
01:27Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence
131
Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
131