个人防护设备对预防职业伤害的影响:系统审查和元分析
Weiner Santos1,2, Alejandro Lorente3, Carmen Rojas4
1International Doctoral School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
Frontiers in public health
|December 22, 2025
概括
个人防护设备 (PPE) 的使用与较少的职业伤害有关. 然而,由于缺乏个人防护设备和不适而导致的低合规性,阻碍了有效性. 综合战略对于工作场所安全至关重要.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 安全科学安全科学 安全科学
背景情况:
- 职业伤害在各种行业中构成了重大的公共卫生挑战.
- 广泛推使用个人防护设备 (PPE),以减少受伤风险.
- 个人防护设备的实际有效性和使用因素需要全面分析.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定个人防护设备 (PPE) 的使用是否减少高风险行业的职业伤害.
- 综合个人防护设备的有效性和影响因素的证据.
- 确定工人遵守个人防护设备的障碍.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science等) 中进行了系统的文献搜索. 从2000年1月到2025年6月.
- 包括专注于建筑,采矿,制造和农业成年工人的研究,检查个人防护设备干预和伤害结果.
- 进行了随机效应的元分析,以汇集关于受伤率,PPE有效性和合规率的数据,并使用Joanna Briggs Institute检查清单评估质量.
主要成果:
- 包括18项涉及7,612名工人的研究;对15项研究的元分析 (N=6,325) 显示,个人防护设备的综合流行率为51%,具有很高的异质性.
- 产业类型显著影响了个人防护设备的使用,重工业和制造业的比例更高. 关键障碍包括缺乏个人防护设备 (72%),不舒服和不良培训.
- 监督和安全培训与明显降低的受伤风险有关 (分别为OR=2.04和1.81).
结论:
- 使用个人防护设备 (PPE) 与较低的职业伤害几率有关.
- 低合规性主要是由个人防护设备可用性问题和人体工程学因素驱动的.
- 综合战略,包括适当的供应,以用户为中心的设计,培训和组织承诺,对于提高工作场所安全至关重要.
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