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降低的帕夫洛夫值更新改变了信号追踪器中的决策
Luigi A E Degni1,2, Lorenzo Mattioni1, Claudio Danti1
1Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.
概括
易受奖励预测线索的影响的人表现出较慢的信念更新,导致奖励导向行为的偏见决策. 这项研究探讨了帕夫洛夫式和工具式学习系统之间的相互作用,并确定了影响决策灵活性的学习者类型.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 以奖励为指导的行为涉及到奖励的学习行为 (仪器学习) 和识别奖励预测线索 (帕夫洛夫定制).
- 大脑在这些学习系统之间进行的仲裁,特别是当线索无关紧要时,还没有完全理解.
- 个体差异,比如标志跟踪与目标跟踪倾向,可能会影响帕夫洛夫的线索如何影响决策.
研究的目的:
- 研究大脑是如何在仪器学习系统和帕夫洛夫学习系统之间更新和仲裁的.
- 识别不同类型的学习者 (标志追踪者与目标追踪者) 以及他们在决策中的策略.
- 了解由帕夫洛夫线索影响的不灵活决策背后的计算机制.
主要方法:
- 在60名人类参与者中使用了Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer任务.
- 使用眼睛跟踪和瞳孔测量来监测注意力和兴奋.
- 应用计算建模来分析决策策略和学习率.
主要成果:
- 参与者在Pavlovian和仪器价值估计之间进行了动态的仲裁.
- 信号追踪者,他们倾向于提示结果关联,当他们接触到帕夫洛夫的线索时,表现较差.
- 标志追踪器的性能较低是由于帕夫洛夫暗示值的更新速度较慢,而不是过重.
结论:
- 信念更新率的个体差异有助于不灵活的决策.
- 提出了一个计算框架来理解不适应性暗示反应.
- 这些发现可能会为特征是强迫性寻找线索行为障碍的干预提供信息.
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