在患有自闭症谱系障碍的人群中使用心理药物
Paula A Jaimes-Buitron1, Leslie Neely2, Melissa Dziuk Svoboda3
1Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
BMC psychiatry
|December 22, 2025
概括
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的个人从第二代抗精神病药物 (SGA) 转换,比那些选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂 (SSRI) 患者更频繁. 这突出了治疗有效性和ASD症状管理的副作用的潜在差异.
科学领域:
- 精神病学和行为科学
- 药理学和治疗学 药理学和治疗学
- 发育儿科 发育儿科
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 经常用精神药物治疗,包括第二代抗精神病药物 (SGA) 和选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂 (SSRI).
- 目前对ASD群体中SGA和SSRI的药物启动,切换模式和时间利用趋势的理解仍然有限.
- 这项研究解决了在2012年至2021年期间在美国自闭症患者中澄清心理药物使用模式的需要.
研究的目的:
- 在被诊断患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的个人中调查第二代抗精神病药物 (SGA) 和选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂 (SSRI) 的使用趋势.
- 为了比较SGA (aripiprazole,risperidone) 和SSRI之间的药物切换率,在美国的ASD患者队列中.
- 分析十年 (2012-2021) 心理药物使用模式的变化.
主要方法:
- 通过使用IQVIA PharMetrics Plus数据库,对2至26岁的有自闭症的24,730名商业保险人员进行了全国性队列分析.
- 根据在研究期之前和立即之前没有先前使用药物的情况,将个人归类为新处方.
- 心理药物使用的年度趋势分析,包括2019年的详细月度检查,以及用于比较切换率的曼-惠特尼U测试.
主要成果:
- 超过64%的队列接受了SGA或SSRI,观察到药物切换率的显著差异.
- 新开处方SGA (aripiprazole,risperidone) 的个人与SSRI (3.41%) 开始的人相比,表现出更高的年度切换率 (6.13%).
- 在研究期间,从RISPERIDONE切换减少,而从ARIPIPRAZOLE切换增加,表明治疗动态的演变.
结论:
- 与SSRI相比,新处方的SGA与ASD患者的药物转换率几乎是SSRI的两倍.
- 对SGA的更高切换率可能表明与ASD管理中的不良影响或不充分的症状控制相关的问题.
- 需要进一步的研究来阐明长期的结果和临床逻辑背后的药物切换决策在这个人群.
相关概念视频
Autism Spectrum Disorder
892
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
892
Modeling in Therapy
360
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
360
Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview
773
The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
773
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
436
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
436
Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects
703
Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
Despite these side effects, antipsychotics are used therapeutically for various purposes, including managing schizophrenia, preventing nausea and vomiting, curbing...
Despite these side effects, antipsychotics are used therapeutically for various purposes, including managing schizophrenia, preventing nausea and vomiting, curbing...
703
Drug Therapy
229
The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Antianxiety Medications
229


