微生物和药物:制药品与肠道微生物群之间的相互关系
Sakha Al-Btoosh1, Ryan F Donnelly1, Stephen A Kelly1,2
1School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Gut microbes
|December 23, 2025
概括
肠道微生物群通过代谢药物显著影响药物反应. 了解这种相互作用是优化治疗和通过个性化医疗方法减少副作用的关键.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 人的肠道微生物组拥有庞大的基因库,作为一种代谢器官,影响药物反应.
- 肠道微生物可以转化,无活化或积累药物,显著影响它们的疗效和毒性.
- 这种相互作用是双向的,药物也会改变微生物组合和功能.
研究的目的:
- 审查处方药和肠道微生物群之间的复杂相互作用.
- 探索药物生物转化,宿主代谢调节和微生物药物生物积累的机制.
- 评估药品对微生物多样性和抗菌素耐药性的影响.
主要方法:
- 关于药物与微生物群相互作用的现有文献的审查.
- 对六个主要药物类别 (免疫治疗药物,化疗药物,抗抑郁药物,他类药物,低血糖药物,抗高血压药物) 的分析.
- 用于研究这些相互作用的实验模型 (体外,动物,临床) 的比较.
主要成果:
- 肠道微生物通过酶直接代谢药物,并间接影响宿主代谢.
- 药物在微生物细胞中的生物积累会影响生物可用性.
- 非抗生素药物可以改变肠道微生物多样性并促进抗菌素耐药性.
- 个体微生物特征与治疗结果相关.
结论:
- 肠道微生物组是药物反应和毒性的关键因素.
- 微生物组调节策略 (益生菌,益生菌,FMT) 显示出提高药物疗效的潜力.
- 肠道微生物群的组成可以作为个性化医学的预测生物标志物.
- 利用药物与微生物群的相互作用提供了新的治疗机会.
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