流行病期间在美国惩戒设施进行大规模SARS-CoV-2测试:纵向分析
Charlotte Kim1, Byron S Kennedy2, Mary Lansing2
1Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
BMJ public health
|December 23, 2025
概括
使用逆转录PCR (RT-PCR) 在惩戒设施中的大规模查减少了SARS-CoV-2暴露. 然而,测试结果的延迟和隔离限制仍然允许持续传播,表明单独测试是不够的.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 惩戒医疗保健 惩戒医疗保健 惩戒医疗
背景情况:
- 有限的现实世界数据存在于监狱机构对SARS-CoV-2的大规模查的有效性.
- 康涅狄格州惩教局 (CTDOC) 使用RT-PCR进行串行大规模查,提供了有价值的数据进行分析.
研究的目的:
- 评估SARS-CoV-2大规模查在惩戒设施中的实用性.
- 估计测试结果的时间和通过隔离阳性病例来避免暴露的数量.
主要方法:
- 对2020年11月至2023年5月CTDOC大规模查数据进行了纵向分析.
- 测试结果的时间和平均避免暴露量是通过比较测试前后的接触追踪数据来计算的.
主要成果:
- 获得RT-PCR测试结果的中位时间为阳性病例2天,阴性病例1天.
- 大规模查和隔离显著降低了囚犯和细胞区级别中对SARS-CoV-2的日常暴露.
- 然而,在测试收集和结果通知之间,传播继续,阳性个体有众多易受感染的接触者.
结论:
- 通过迅速识别和隔离,大规模查可以减少在惩戒机构中的SARS-CoV-2暴露.
- 测试结果延迟,隔离能力不足,未检测到的感染阻碍了完全减轻传播.
- 单独进行测试不太可能完全控制在惩戒设施中的SARS-CoV-2传播.
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