在实施全民疫苗接种之前,美国的乙型肝炎疫苗接种量和相关因素:一项全国代表性研究
Mackenzie G Cater1,2,3, Temitope Olasehinde1,3, Allison Kim1,3
1Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Journal of viral hepatitis
|December 23, 2025
概括
在美国成年人中,乙型肝炎疫苗接种覆盖率仍然很低,只有27.9%的人接种了疫苗. 诸如先前的甲型肝炎疫苗接种等健康行为强烈预测了接种率,而社会人口统计学因素则影响了乙型肝炎疫苗接种率的差异.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 国家乙型肝炎疫苗接种 (HepB) 建议历来针对的是高风险群体.
- 尽管有建议,但美国成年人HepB疫苗接种覆盖率仍然不够理想.
- 2022年的一项建议要求对成人进行普遍的HepB疫苗接种,需要更新覆盖率数据.
研究的目的:
- 估计2000-2018年美国成年人中国家HepB疫苗接种覆盖率.
- 确定与HepB疫苗接种相关的社会人口统计学,医疗保健准入,健康寻求和健康信息因素.
- 为实现全民成人HepB接种疫苗的战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 分析了2000-2018年国家健康访谈调查 (NHIS) 数据.
- 包括18岁及以上的532,168名非机构化的美国成年人.
- 在健康行为框架内使用波桑回归来检查与HepB疫苗接种相关的因素.
主要成果:
- 总体而言,自我报告的HepB疫苗接种覆盖率为27.9%,从2000年的22%增加到2018年的35%.
- 与健康相关的行为,包括先前的甲型肝炎疫苗接种 (AOR 11.17) 和乙型肝炎/C型肝炎测试 (AOR 4.70/1.28),与HepB疫苗接种有很强的关联.
- 与白人成年人相比,老年人,受教育程度较低的人,失业者以及黑人和西班牙裔成年人接种疫苗的几率较低.
结论:
- 在特定的美国人口群体中,HepB疫苗覆盖率仍然存在显著差异.
- 寻求健康的行为是HepB疫苗接种的关键预测因素.
- 针对性疫苗接种努力,专注于服务不足的社区,对于解决差距和实现普遍的肝疫苗接种目标至关重要.
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