精神分裂症的处理速度障碍:更新的系统审查和元分析
Danielle N Pratt1, Nashya Linares1, Catherine Spencer1
1Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
JAMA psychiatry
|December 23, 2025
概括
认知障碍,特别是处理速度,是精神分裂症患者的一个重要问题. 这一元分析证实了这一缺陷,并确定了影响其严重程度的因素,表明与大脑连接性改变的联系.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 认知缺陷对被诊断为精神分裂症的个体的生活质量和日常功能产生重大影响.
- 了解精神分裂症认知障碍的性质和程度对于开发有效干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和更新有关精神分裂症处理速度受损的证据.
- 调查潜在的缓解因素,如临床和人口学变量,影响这种认知缺陷的严重程度.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed和PsycINFO数据库中进行了全面的文献搜索 (2009年2月至2023年11月).
- 包括的研究涉及精神分裂症患者和对照组,使用了当代诊断标准,并报告了用于元分析的数据 (赫奇斯g效应大小).
- 来自115项研究的数据,包括10,114名精神分裂症患者和13,235名对照人,使用随机效应模型进行了分析.
主要成果:
- 符号编码任务是处理速度的衡量标准,在精神分裂症患者中显示出明显的损伤 (Hedges g = -1.52).
- 这种处理速度缺陷的幅度与在其他15项认知测试中观察到的损伤相当.
- 诸如智商系数,年龄差异,性别组合,住院状态和并发症诊断 (精神分裂症/精神分裂症) 等因素显著减轻了符号编码损伤的程度.
结论:
- 这些发现强烈支持处理速度受损作为精神分裂症认知缺陷的核心特征.
- 这种损伤可能是大脑连接受损的核心后果,这是精神分裂症的常见发现.
- 这些见解对于完善我们对精神分裂症认知特征的理解和指导未来研究和治疗策略至关重要.
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