Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been...

Direction cosines, which help describe the orientation of a vector with respect to the coordinate axes, are an essential concept in the field of vector calculus. Consider vector A that is expressed in terms of the Cartesian vector form using i, j, and k unit vectors. The magnitude of vector A is defined as the square root of the sum of the squares of its components. The direction of this vector with respect to the x, y, and z axes is defined by the coordinate direction angles α, β, and γ,...

Deconvolution, also known as inverse filtering, is the process of extracting the impulse response from known input and output signals. This technique is vital in scenarios where the system's characteristics are unknown, and they must be inferred from the observable signals.
Deconvolution involves several mathematical techniques to derive the impulse response. One common approach is polynomial division. In this method, the input and output sequences are treated as coefficients of...