临床表现 临床表现
Joabe Vasconcelos Silva1, Gabrielle Guindani Maia2, Luís Humberto Romeiro Tenório1
1Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
概括
神经心理测试 (NT) 对早期阿尔茨海默氏症 (AD) 诊断有希望,有助于识别认知障碍和预测进展风险. 将NT与生物标志物和告密者评估相结合,可以提高早期检测的准确性.
科学领域:
- 神经学 神经学
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 全球老年人口的增加导致痴呆症的增加,阿尔茨海默氏症 (AD) 占病例的50%以上.
- 早期诊断AD对于更好的患者预后和管理至关重要.
- 神经心理测试 (NT) 正在评估它们在早期发现AD中的作用.
研究的目的:
- 审查和评估可用的神经心理测试 (NT) 对于早期诊断阿尔茨海默氏病 (AD) 的实用性.
- 通过文献分析,确定NT在识别早期AD的重要性和有效性.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed数据库中进行了全面的搜索,使用与阿尔茨海默病相关的关键词,早期诊断和神经心理测试.
- 选择了1998年至2024年间发表的文章,并对标题和摘要进行了相关性分析.
- 纳入了使用NT早期诊断AD的研究,而其他痴呆症或非心理测试的研究被排除在外.
主要成果:
- 在77篇获取的文章中,有9篇符合审查的纳入标准.
- 一些NT,包括大脑健康评估-认知得分和DMS48,在识别早期认知障碍方面表现出有效性.
- DMS48测试表明,轻度认知障碍患者的视觉记忆缺陷与更快的认知衰退和更高的AD进展风险相关.
- 结合像迷你精神状态检查和阿登布鲁克认知检查这样的测试,提高了查效用.
- 语言流利性测试揭示了早期AD的障碍,以及像跨文化神经心理测试电池这样的文化适应性工具,在各种人群中提供了可靠的评估.
结论:
- 目前关于NT用于早期AD诊断的文献缺乏可靠的数据,没有发现随机临床试验或大型观察研究.
- 尽管数据有限,但研究结果表明,将NT与生物标志物和基于信息者的评估相结合,可以显著提高早期AD检测和诊断准确度.
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