建立和描述一个复制受限制的修饰的非洲猪瘟病毒
Tomoya Kitamura1, Kentaro Masujin1, Mitsutaka Ikezawa1
1National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
Microbiology spectrum
|December 23, 2025
概括
开发一种更安全的非洲猪瘟病毒 (ASFV) 疫苗需要通过删除S273R基因来创建一个具有复制限制的ASFV菌株. 这种新型候选疫苗在猪中没有显示任何临床症状,并且提供了对ASFV的部分保护.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 疫苗开发 疫苗开发
背景情况:
- 非洲猪瘟 (ASF) 是一种高度传染性和致命的疾病,影响猪和野猪,由非洲猪瘟病毒 (ASFV) 引起.
- 目前使用活体减弱ASFV的疫苗策略引发了生物安全问题,原因是潜在的毒性逆转和二次传播.
- 自2007年出现以来,ASFV (基因型II) 的流行病菌株已在全球传播.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种具有增强生物安全性的新型,复制受限制的ASFV疫苗候选物.
- 解决与活体减弱ASFV疫苗相关的问题,例如长期持久性和病毒性逆转.
主要方法:
- 通过删除对病毒成熟至关重要的S273R基因,创建了一个复制受限制的ASFV菌株 (AQSΔS273R).
- 用S273R基因补充的永生猪巨细胞被建立起来,以使病毒在体外传播.
- 猪被免疫了AQSΔS273R,随后被挑战了有毒的ASFV.
主要成果:
- 该AQSΔS273R菌株无法在天然宿主细胞中复制,但在补充的猪巨中复制.
- 用AQSΔS273R免疫接种的猪没有出现临床症状或病毒病.
- 用AQSΔS273R接种疫苗对病毒性ASFV挑战产生约30%的保护,临床症状减少.
结论:
- 通过删除S273R基因来开发复制受限ASFV是一种可行的方法,用于创建更安全的疫苗候选人.
- 与传统的活体减弱疫苗相比,这种新的ASFV疫苗策略提供了增强的生物安全性.
- AQSΔS273R菌株代表了非洲猪瘟的有希望和生物安全的疫苗候选人.
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