公共卫生 公共卫生
Shruthi Venkatesh1, Linshanshan Wang2,3, Michele Morris1
1University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
概括
患有阿尔茨海默氏症 (AD) 的种族和民族少数群体面临更高的养老院入院风险,而非西班牙裔白人和患有AD的男性的死亡风险增加. 了解这些差异对于公平的护理至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经学 神经学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 给社会带来了巨大的负担,人口群体之间存在差异.
- 现有研究强调了AD影响的不公平分配.
- 这项研究解决了需要了解阿尔茨海默病进展结果的人口变异的需求.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 衰退结果的差异,基于种族,种族和性别.
- 确定养老院入院和死亡率的特定人口差异.
- 为针对AD的目标临床管理和公共卫生策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 利用两个大型医疗保健系统 (1994-2022) 的电子健康记录 (EHR) 数据.
- 应用了一个无监督的表型算法来预测AD诊断状态,通过黄金标准数据验证.
- 进行了生存分析和固定效应元分析,以比较结果 (养老院入院,死亡),按种族,种族和性别分层,控制共变量.
主要成果:
- 该表型算法在识别阿兹海默症患者方面取得了高准确性 (AUROC 0.835-0.923).
- 包括34,181名阿尔茨海默病患者 (62%为女性,90%非西班牙裔白人,诊断时的平均年龄为80.39岁).
- 与少数群体相比,非西班牙裔白人患者入住养老院的风险较低 (HR=0.825),但死亡风险较高 (HR=1.381). 与男性相比,女性死亡风险较低 (HR=0.873),但入住养老院的风险与男性相似.
结论:
- 患有阿尔茨海默症的种族和民族少数群体的入住养老院的风险更高.
- 非西班牙裔白人患者和患有阿尔茨海默病的男性死亡风险较高.
- 进一步研究阿尔茨海默病衰退中的人口差异对于改善临床护理和公共卫生政策至关重要.
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