公共卫生 公共卫生
Kumar B Rajan1, Robert S Wilson2, Jerenda Bond1
1Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
概括
黑人和白人成年人的中年认知差异显示出与老年人相似的差异. 这些发现表明,在阿尔茨海默氏症中存在种族不平等.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 在晚年认知功能和阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 风险方面的种族差异已被记录.
- 关于中年期黑人和白人成年人的认知差异的理解有限.
- 中年是早期AD相关变化的关键时期,因此研究这一人口群体的认知衰老至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查中年成人全球认知功能的种族差异.
- 为了调查黑人和白人成年人之间特定领域的认知表现差异.
- 通过了解中年人的认知差异,提供对认知衰老和未来痴呆风险的见解.
主要方法:
- 利用了与芝加哥健康与衰老项目 (CHAP) 相关的亲子弹性和认知健康 (PORCH) 研究的数据.
- 使用记忆,数字跨度,类别流利性和迷你心理状态检查 (MMSE) 评估创建了一个标准化的全球认知功能评分.
- 采用等级回归模型来分析认知功能的种族差异,控制家庭结构和人口统计.
主要成果:
- 包括598名中年成人 (平均年龄56.7岁;34%是黑人).
- 与白人参与者相比,黑人参与者表现出明显较低的全球认知功能得分 (Δ = -0.35,p < 0.001).
- 观察到黑人参与者在记忆 (Δ = -0.54),感知速度 (Δ = -0.30) 和类别流性 (Δ = -0.40) 中表现较差.
结论:
- 黑人和白人成年人之间的中年认知差异与晚年观察到的相似.
- 阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症 (AD/ADRD) 风险的种族差异可能起源于临床诊断前几十年.
- 强调需要调查导致认知不平等的系统因素,并为不同人群提供早期干预策略.
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