公共卫生 公共卫生
Manxi Yang1, Ruqoyat Abdulsalam2, Wenjun Fan1
1University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
概括
美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民 (AI/AN) 的人群患阿尔茨海默氏症和相关痴呆症 (ADRD) 患病率较高. 解决糖尿病和酒精使用障碍等风险因素的差异对于减轻AI/AN社区的ADRD风险至关重要.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民 (AI/AN) 种群在阿尔茨海默氏症和相关痴呆症 (ADRD) 的负担越来越大.
- 现有的痴呆症风险因素研究主要集中在一般人群上,在了解AI/AN个人的ADRD特定风险方面存在差距.
- 这项研究旨在识别和分析与老年AI/AN人群中ADRD相关的健康状况,并将其与白人人口进行比较.
研究的目的:
- 估计老年AI/AN医疗保险受益人中ADRD和相关健康状况的流行率.
- 检查AI/AN和白色医疗保险受益人之间的ADRD患病率和风险因素的差异.
- 评估这些人群中各种健康状况和ADRD之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 对68岁及以上受益人2019年医疗保险主受益人摘要文件的分析.
- 包括所有AI/AN受益者和5%的白人受益者随机抽样.
- 利用后勤回归来检查健康状况 (兰塞特风险因素和其他与ADRD相关的疾病) 和ADRD患病率之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 与白人受益者相比,AI/AN受益者在年龄调整后的ADRD患病率较高 (15.6%对13.3%).
- AI/AN个体在9个兰塞特风险因素中的5个患病率更高,包括糖尿病,酒精使用障碍 (AUD),烟草使用障碍,视力障碍和听力损失.
- 与白人相比,AI/AN受益者中创伤性脑损伤 (TBI),AUD,视力障碍和听力损失与ADRD的联系更强烈.
结论:
- 与白人相比,老年AI/AN医疗保险受益人表现出更高的ADRD患病率和几个关键风险因素的更大负担.
- 像TBI,AUD,视力障碍和听力损失等特定疾病在AI/AN人群中与ADRD有更强烈的联系.
- 针对这些风险因素差异的有针对性的干预措施对于减少AI/AN人群中ADRD负担至关重要;建议进一步进行纵向研究.
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