公共卫生 公共卫生
Lilah M Besser1, Madeleine Tourelle1, Diana Mitsova2
1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
概括
邻里环境影响佛罗里达农村的认知健康. 较高的公园面积与较不贫困地区的更好的认知有关,但在更贫困地区的认知较差.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 农村的健康 农村的健康
背景情况:
- 有害的邻里环境,如有限的绿地,与阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症 (ADRD) 风险的增加有关.
- 大多数研究都集中在城市人口,在了解农村建筑环境对认知健康的影响方面存在差距.
- 有限证据表明,社区特征是否有利于农村,多元化的社区的认知健康.
研究的目的:
- 在佛罗里达州农村群体中调查建筑环境特征和认知功能 (蒙特利尔认知评估 - MoCA分数) 之间的关联.
- 为了确定这些关联是否因邻近地区的贫困水平而异.
- 为了检查%的开放/公园空间和%的零售空间对不同贫困水平的认知健康的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用来自NIA资助的佛罗里达农村群体的数据,分析人口普查区组特征.
- 计算了%的开放/公园空间和%的零售空间,由于建议的非线性关联,创建了公园空间的四分位数.
- 采用多变量线性回归与概括估计方程,按面积剥夺指数分层 (ADI>90%vs<=90%),控制人口统计.
主要成果:
- 在贫困社区的参与者中,增加的公园空间与较低的MoCA分数有关,而增加的零售空间与较高的MoCA分数有关.
- 在贫困较低的社区,更高的公园空间与更好的MoCA分数相关,而更多的零售空间与较低的MoCA分数相关.
- 这些对比的发现凸显了邻居建筑环境,剥夺和认知功能之间的复杂相互作用.
结论:
- 佛罗里达州农村地区种族多样化的老年人的认知功能与邻里公园和零售空间的差异性相关,基于区域剥夺.
- 建筑环境对认知健康的影响不均,并且受到区域剥夺等社会经济因素的显著改变.
- 调查结果强调,需要在农村社区制定量身定制的环境健康战略,考虑到当地贫困水平.
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