公共卫生 公共卫生
Rebecca J Solch-Ottaiano1, Madison Prats1, Malaika Subramanian1
1Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
概括
与西方饮食 (WD) 相比,长期坚持地中海饮食 (MeDi) 改善了老老鼠的认知能力. 随着时间的推移,发生了特定于饮食的肠道微生物群变化,某些细菌与15.5个月的认知表现有关.
科学领域:
- 神经科学和衰老研究研究
- 微生物组和肠道健康
- 营养科学与认知功能
背景情况:
- 饮食模式显著影响认知能力下降和阿尔茨海默病风险.
- 西式饮食 (WD) 与风险增加有关,而地中海饮食 (MeDi) 与风险降低有关.
- 由饮食调节的肠道微生物群可能会调节这些效应,但研究持续时间不同,影响结果.
研究的目的:
- 研究MeDi与WD对老老鼠认知功能的纵向影响.
- 分析饮食对肠道微生物群组成随时间推移的影响.
- 为了确定饮食诱导的微生物变化和认知表现之间的潜在联系.
主要方法:
- 雄性Fischer344大鼠被随机分配到一个MeDi或WD长时间.
- 在3.5个月,9.5个月和15.5个月使用莫里斯水迷宫 (MWM) 评估认知功能.
- 通过16SrRNA测序收集和分析便样本,以分析肠道微生物群的组成.
主要成果:
- 在3.5个月和9.5个月后没有观察到显著的认知差异.
- 在15.5个月后,MeDi养的老鼠显示MWM延迟时间明显缩短,表明学习和记忆有所改善.
- 截然不同的,取决于饮食的肠道微生物群组成在3.5个月后出现,随着时间的推移,Actinobacteria,Desulfobacterota和Firmicutes的显著变化. 在3.5个月和15.5个月的MeDi大鼠中,Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes比率较低.
结论:
- 饮食对认知的影响取决于时间,只有在长时间暴露 (15.5个月) 后才观察到显著影响.
- 衰老和饮食持续时间诱导了肠道微生物种群的微妙但渐进的变化.
- 在15.5个月时,不同丰富的细菌与认知变化相吻合,代表了与饮食相关的认知状态的潜在微生物生物标志物.
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