公共卫生 公共卫生
Yue Shi1, Takuji Kawamura2, Yingxu Liu3
1Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
概括
改善生活方式,包括体力活动和戒烟,可以降低阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的风险,并减缓认知能力下降,即使是那些具有高遗传倾向的人. 个性化的预防策略是关键.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 通过多基因风险评分 (PRS) 测量的遗传倾向是阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 显著的风险因素.
- 生活方式因素 (吸烟,酒精,体力活动,BMI) 也影响AD风险,但它们与遗传风险的相互作用尚未完全理解.
- 表观遗传衰老加速 (EAA) 提供了一个新的标志物来研究生活方式的变化如何影响随着时间的推移AD和认知功能.
研究的目的:
- 研究遗传风险,纵向生活方式变化和表观遗传年龄加速对阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 风险和认知功能的综合影响.
- 探索生活方式的改变如何影响AD的结果,跨越不同水平的遗传易感性.
- 根据遗传和生物衰老特征,确定潜在的针对阿尔茨海默病的个性化预防策略.
主要方法:
- 从2004年到2016年,从7265名健康和退休研究 (HRS) 的不同参与者的纵向数据分析.
- 评估生活方式因素 (体力活动,吸烟,饮酒) 和阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 诊断随着时间的推移.
- 使用DNA甲基化钟 (GrimAge,DunedinPoAm38) 对表观遗传衰老加速 (EAA) 的量化和通过电话测试评估认知功能.
主要成果:
- 改善生活方式 (增加体力活动,戒烟,适度饮酒) 与所有遗传风险组的认知衰退速度减慢和AD风险降低有关.
- 多基因风险评分 (PRS) 强烈预测了更糟糕的认知结果和更高的AD风险.
- 较高的体力活动缓冲了遗传易感性对认知功能的负面影响,在高风险个体的语言和执行功能方面观察到显著的好处.
结论:
- 将表观遗传衰老加速与生活方式和遗传数据相结合,为阿尔茨海默病的发展和认知衰退提供了新的见解.
- 生活方式干预对于减轻AD风险至关重要,特别是在具有高遗传易感性的人群中.
- 这些发现支持开发个性化的AD预防策略,利用遗传特征和生物衰老标志物.
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