公共卫生 公共卫生
Pablo Aguilar1,2,3, Thomas Monroe Holland4,5, Sam N Lockhart6
1Global Health Institute Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
概括
社区可行性与老年人更好的认知功能有关,但不是直接与身体活动或大脑结构有关. 社会经济上的劣势,而不是建筑环境,似乎是导致身体不活动的原因.
科学领域:
- 老年学与公共卫生
- 神经科学与认知衰老
- 城市规划与环境健康
背景情况:
- 邻居环境影响身体活动,这是痴呆风险和认知健康的关键因素.
- 对阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 风险增加的老年人进行了研究,以了解环境对大脑健康的影响.
- 美国国家可行性指数被用来评估邻里建筑环境的特点.
研究的目的:
- 检查邻里可行性和认知功能,大脑结构 (灰质,白质超强度) 和生活方式因素 (身体活动,久坐行为) 之间的关联.
- 调查老年人社区劣势和体育活动/久坐行为之间的关系.
- 为了探索这些协会在认知不受损的老年人中,增加患阿尔茨海默病的风险.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自美国POINTER试验中的1398名老年人的基线数据.
- 使用美国国家步行能力指数对步行能力进行了分类;使用区域贫困指数 (ADI) 评估了社区的劣势.
- 通过回归模型测量和分析认知 (PACC-5),灰质体积,白质超强度 (WMH),体力活动 (CHAMPS) 和久坐行为 (SBQ).
主要成果:
- 更高的可行性与更好的认知功能得分 (PACC-5) 相关,但与灰质体积或白质超强度无关.
- 邻里处境不利与久坐行为增加有关,而步行能力与身体活动或久坐行为没有显著关联.
- 更贫困的社区通常不太适合步行.
结论:
- 贫困地区的身体不活动与社会经济劣势更强烈相关,而不是建筑环境的可行性.
- 在这个群体中,行走能力与身体活动水平或大脑健康指标没有直接关联.
- 需要进一步的研究,以了解邻里不利和可行性的健康影响,特别是在身体不活动和认知衰老方面.
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