公共卫生 公共卫生
Ashleigh S Vella1, Keshuo Lin1, Darren M Lipnicki1
1Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
概括
确定低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 认知能力下降的可修改风险因素至关重要. 这项研究发现,焦虑,抑郁和吸烟等因素与认知能力下降有关,这表明有针对性的干预措施可以帮助预防痴呆.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 迫切需要有效的痴呆症治疗,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs),那里发生了大多数痴呆病例.
- 识别可修改的风险因素是开发延迟痴呆发作的干预措施的关键.
- 现有的风险因素研究严重偏向高收入国家,造成了重大知识差距.
研究的目的:
- 为了检查各种风险因素和认知表现在不同的LMICs之间的横截面关系.
- 确定特别适合在LMIC人口中针对性干预的可修改风险因素.
- 解决痴呆症风险因素研究中的研究不平等问题.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自11个国家的53,136名参与者在国际联盟 (COSMIC) 的记忆队列研究中的数据.
- 作为结果,研究了协调的全球认知,评估了许多风险因素,包括年龄,心血管健康,心理健康,生活方式和教育.
- 在每个研究中使用线性回归,并使用多变量元分析将结果汇总在一起.
主要成果:
- 年龄较大,男性性别,受教育程度较低,焦虑,抑郁,中风史,糖尿病,过度饮酒,吸烟和体力活动较低与全球认知能力较差有显著关联.
- 胸痛病史也与更差的认知表现有关.
- 在不同国家的风险因素和认知之间的关系中观察到显著的异质性.
结论:
- 风险因素干预措施显示出降低LMIC中痴呆症患病率的希望.
- 各国的异质性需要根据特定的区域背景调整干预措施.
- 未来的研究将利用机器学习模型,根据LMIC中识别的因素来预测痴呆发病率.
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