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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
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公共卫生 公共卫生

Claire J Cadwallader1, Anna M VandeBunte1, Rowan Saloner1

  • 1Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

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概括

结构化的体力活动 (PA) 课程,特别是它们的频率,显著降低了老年人白质强度过高 (WMH) 的负担. 这凸显了定期,有目的的运动对大脑衰老和脑血管健康的重要性.

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科学领域:

  • 老年学是指老年学的学科.
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 公共卫生 公共卫生

背景情况:

  • 较高的体力活动 (PA) 与老年人更好的认知和大脑健康有关.
  • 结构化PA会话的最佳参数 (强度,持续时间,频率) 尚未明确定义.
  • 了解这些参数对于促进老年人群中大脑健康至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了比较参与结构化PA课程的老年人 (运动者) 和没有参与结构化PA课程的老年人 (非运动者) 之间的认知,大脑体积和血生物标志物结果.
  • 检查会议内与会议外活动对这些结果的相对重要性.
  • 为了确定特定的PA会话参数对练习者的结果的影响.

主要方法:

  • 329名老年人接受了30天的动图监测,生物标志物测定,MRI和神经心理测试.
  • PA会话被定义为≥10分钟,>40步/分钟.
  • 统计分析 (ANCOVA,随机森林) 比较了群体,并确定了大脑健康结果的关键预测因素.

主要成果:

  • 与不炼的人相比,炼者表现出明显较低的白质超强度 (WMH) 负担.
  • 会议中的活动,特别是步骤,是WMH负担的更强的预测因素,而不是会议之外的活动.
  • 在运动者中,会话频率,持续时间和节奏是减少WMH负担的关键预测因素.

结论:

  • 结构化的PA会议对于减轻WMH负担至关重要,这是大脑衰老和脑血管健康的标志.
  • 在优化大脑健康益处方面,PA会话的频率似乎是最关键的参数.
  • 进一步的研究可以改进PA的建议,以改善大脑健康干预措施.