公共卫生 公共卫生
Mahmood Mohamed1, Shreya Upendra1, Li Zhou1
1Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
概括
长期的嗅觉/味觉丧失和COVID-19感染后延长的住院治疗与老年人持续的认知障碍有关. 这凸显了对COVID-19进一步研究的需要.
科学领域:
- 神经学 神经学
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- COVID-19 (冠状病毒疾病2019) 与认知缺陷有关,包括注意力,执行功能和记忆障碍.
- 老年人,特别是来自种族和少数民族背景的老年人,面临更高的COVID-19和潜在的认知衰退的风险.
- 之前的研究存在局限性,原因是认知评估不足,不同人群的代表性不足.
研究的目的:
- 调查老年人群中持续的COVID-19症状和认知结果之间的关系.
- 解决了解少数群体中COVID-19后认知障碍的差距.
主要方法:
- 一项试点研究涉及20名参与者 (平均年龄63.4岁) 来自COVID-19生物库,于2020年住院.
- 参与者有SARS-CoV-2感染史,年龄在55岁或以上.
- 远程管理NACC UDS 3.0和评估持续的COVID-19症状的问卷;使用了单变量分析.
主要成果:
- 长期的嗅觉/味觉丧失 (>4周) 与CERAD认知电池的得分明显较低相关 (p=0.016).
- 更长的住院时间与较差的全球认知 (p=0.001),口头记忆 (p=0.014),听觉工作记忆 (p=0.043),处理速度 (p<0.001) 和口头流利性 (p=0.009) 有关.
- 在感染期间短暂的嗅觉/味觉丧失和没有短暂的嗅觉/味觉丧失的参与者之间没有发现显著差异.
结论:
- 在COVID-19感染后大约2.9年,在参与者中观察到持续的认知障碍,长期的嗅觉/味觉损失和更长时间的住院治疗.
- 研究结果表明,需要研究COVID-19等感染对阿尔茨海默氏症和相关痴呆症 (AD/ADRD) 风险的长期影响,特别是在多样化的老年人群中.
- 需要进一步进行大规模的纵向研究,以阐明机制并制定认知康复策略.
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