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Primary Healthcare Services01:30

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
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公共卫生 公共卫生

Ethan C Cicero1, Jason D Flatt2, Vin Tangpricha1

  • 1Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

与 cisgender 男人和女人相比,变性女性成年人患阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症 (ADRD) 的患病率更高. 这种增加的风险与性别肯定激素治疗 (GAHT) 无关.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 老年学是一门学科.
  • 公共卫生 公共卫生

背景情况:

  • 在跨性别人群中对阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症 (ADRD) 患病率的理解有限.
  • 关于转女性 (TF) 成人中ADRD风险增加的不确定性,特别是那些使用性别肯定激素治疗 (GAHT) 的人.

研究的目的:

  • 为了调查ADRD在变性女性 (TF) 成年人中的患病率,与 cisgender 男人 (CM) 和 cisgender 女人 (CW) 相比.
  • 确定性别肯定性激素治疗 (GAHT) 是否影响FT成年人ADRD风险.

主要方法:

  • 使用电子健康记录 (2006-2023) 对2,362名TF成年人 (年龄在45岁以上) 进行匹配,每个人10CM和10CW.
  • 计算的几率比率 (OR) 和95%的置信区间 (CI) 来比较ADRD的流行率.
  • 进行了TF个体的子组分析,使用GAHT和TF个体的颜色.

主要成果:

  • 与CM (0.8%) 和CW (0.9%) 相比,TF成年人表现出较高的ADRD患病率 (1.8%).
  • 与CM (OR=2.3) 和CW (OR=1.9) 相比,TF成年人患ADRD的几率大约是两倍.
  • 使用GAHT并没有显著改变观察到的TF状态和ADRD之间的关联.

结论:

  • 变性女性成年人患ADRD的患病率明显高于同类 cisgender 个体.
  • 在TF成年人中增加的ADRD风险不能归因于性别肯定激素治疗 (GAHT).
  • 未来的研究应该探索可修改的风险因素 (例如,社会隔离,高血压,肥胖) 使用终身方法.