范围审查对精神分裂症谱系障碍患者生活技能培训计划的实施和适应进行映射:背景,框架,干预措施和结果
Sirirat Nitayawan1,2, Mary C Leamy1, Natthapon Inta1,3
1Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK.
BMJ open
|December 23, 2025
概括
针对精神分裂症谱系障碍的人生技能培训计划可以在不同的环境中适应文化调整. 未来的研究应该侧重于低收入国家的技能泛化和资源限制.
科学领域:
- 精神病学和心理健康 精神病学和心理健康
- 康复科学 康复科学 康复科学
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 生活技能培训对于精神分裂症谱系障碍 (SSD) 患者来说至关重要,以改善日常功能和独立性.
- 这些计划的适应和实施在不同的文化和资源环境中存在很大差异.
- 了解这些变异是优化治疗有效性和可访问性的关键.
研究的目的:
- 系统地绘制生活技能培训 (LST) 计划的实施和适应,用于SSD的成年人.
- 确定共同的计划框架,关键的干预组件和报告的结果.
- 探索有效的实施策略,包括各种全球环境中的障碍和推动因素.
主要方法:
- 根据既定方法 (Arksey和O'Malley,PRISMA-ScR) 进行了全面的范围审查.
- 从1970年到2024年12月,搜索了六个电子数据库,并通过手动搜索进行了补充.
- 纳入标准侧重于详细介绍SSD成年人LST的研究,包括至少三个核心生活技能,并提供干预的具体情况.
主要成果:
- 包括来自7个国家的33项研究,揭示了三个主要计划框架:UCLA社会和独立生活技能计划,功能适应技能培训和认知行为社会技能培训.
- 文化适应对于成功实施至关重要,证明了计划的灵活性,同时保留了核心治疗元素.
- 关键障碍包括认知缺陷和劳动力限制,而结构化格式,多样化的教学方法和家庭参与充当了推动者. 积极的行为变化很常见,但更广泛的系统性结果较少报告.
结论:
- 对于SSD的生活技能培训计划,只要在文化上适应并考虑到资源限制,就可以在全球范围内成功实施.
- 有效的课程将结构化学习与实际应用相结合,利用各种方法应对认知挑战,并让家庭成员参与其中.
- 未来的研究重点包括加强技能泛化,解决低收入和中等收入国家的资源差异,并评估长期有效性.
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