在Bistrița河流域 (罗马尼亚) 使用机器学习算法和GIS评估土壤侵蚀易感性
George Muratoreanu1, Daniel Dunea2, Danut Tanislav1
1Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004, Targoviste, Romania.
Scientific reports
|December 23, 2025
概括
机器学习模型确定了罗马尼亚的土壤侵蚀热点. 森林植被显著减少了侵蚀,但高成本对大规模实施构成了挑战.
科学领域:
- 环境科学环境科学
- 地质科学 地质科学
- 计算机科学 计算机科学
背景情况:
- 土壤侵蚀是一个重要的环境问题,特别是在罗马尼亚的Bistrita河流域.
- 了解环境因素与人类活动之间的关系对于有效的土地管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在Bistrita河流域使用机器学习算法识别易受土壤侵蚀的地区.
- 根据不同的环境和人为变量模拟未来的侵蚀场景.
主要方法:
- 训练了三个监督分类算法:支持矢量机 (SVM),K-最近邻居 (K-NN) 和随机森林 (RF).
- 使用诸如平均平方误差 (MSE),根平均平方误差 (RMSE),平均绝对误差 (MAE) 和R平方 (R2) 等指标评估模型性能.
- 用五个类别空间表示侵蚀易受性:非常高,高,中等,低和非常低.
主要成果:
- 随机森林 (RF) 模型实现了最佳性能 (R2 = 0.67).
- 模拟表明,在南卡尔巴特地区的植树显著减少侵蚀.
- 非常高的侵蚀区域 (23.2%) 可以转化为中等或高阶层的植树,尽管估计成本为7.75亿欧元.
结论:
- 机器学习模型是评估土壤侵蚀易感性的有效工具.
- 造林是缓解土壤侵蚀的可行策略,尽管需要考虑成本效益.
- 该研究为地方当局提供了有价值的见解,以改善生态系统管理和土地利用规划.
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