在人道主义和脆弱环境中预防自我伤害和自杀:系统范围审查
Charles Zemp1, Frédérique Vallières1, Fabian Broecker1
1Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
Global mental health (Cambridge, England)
|December 24, 2025
概括
在人道主义危机中,预防自杀的干预措施是有前途的,其中65%具有积极的影响. 然而,需要更多的研究,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 和风险群体.
科学领域:
- 全球心理健康全球心理健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 灾难精神病学 灾难精神病学
背景情况:
- 自杀是全球主要的死亡原因,在人道主义紧急情况和脆弱国家,特别是低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 中风险增加.
- 现有的人道主义背景的自杀预防干预措施是稀缺和分散的.
- 在这些环境中,有必要综合有效的自杀和自我伤害预防策略的证据.
研究的目的:
- 识别和综合全球人道主义环境中实施的自杀和自我伤害预防干预措施的有效性.
- 在人道主义危机期间评估旨在改善自杀和自我伤害相关结果的干预措施.
- 突出成功的策略,并确定当前研究和实施中的差距.
主要方法:
- 系统搜索八个电子数据库和灰色文献,直到2024年11月,任何语言.
- 选了6209个记录,包括23项研究,以便在全文审查后提取数据.
- 在人道主义危机期间对自杀和自我伤害结果的干预有效性的定量评估.
主要成果:
- 在23项评估的干预措施中,有15项 (65.2%) 证明了对自杀和/或自伤结果的统计学上显著的积极影响.
- 大多数研究是在COVID-19大流行期间和高收入国家进行的.
- 有效的干预措施包括心理治疗 (例如,基于认知行为疗法的文本服务),实用和药理方法,通常是多组件的,由心理健康专家远程提供.
结论:
- 人道主义环境中的自杀预防干预显示出潜力,有希望的方法,如基于文本的治疗和技能培养计划.
- 在证据库中存在重大差距,特别是在LMIC和弱势群体方面.
- 由于危机日益严重,迫切需要加强在人道主义环境中预防自杀和自我伤害的实施和研究.
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