卫生保健工作者传播型肝炎的风险 - - 一项系统性审查
Roland Diel1, Albert Nienhaus2
1Institute of Epidemiology, University Medical Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
GMS hygiene and infection control
|December 24, 2025
概括
从医疗保健工作者 (HCW) 到患者的C型肝炎病毒 (HCV) 传播是罕见的,但发生,主要是通过间接途径,如阿片类药物转移. 加强监测和感染控制对于预防至关重要.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 在高收入国家,由于感染控制的改善,医疗保健工作者 (HCWs) 职业获得的C型肝炎病毒 (HCV) 已经减少.
- 从HCW传播到患者的HCV传染风险仍然不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和描述有关感染HCW从感染HCW向患者传播HCV的证据.
- 评估医疗保健机构中HCV传播的速率和途径.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA指南进行了系统审查.
- 在MEDLINE,Scopus和Cochrane数据库中搜索到2025年7月之前的研究.
- 包括报告HCV从HCW传播到患者的血清学证据的研究.
主要成果:
- 来自八个国家的24项研究符合纳入标准,涉及27个HCW,并对54,622名患者进行了测试.
- 在18项研究中 (12项涉及容易暴露的程序) 发生了直接HCW-to-patient传播,平均率为0.47%.
- 通过阿片类药物转移和注射安全违规的中毒HCW的间接传播更为频繁,平均率为0.94%.
结论:
- 关于HCW向患者传播HCV的证据有限,为国家政策提供了微弱的指导.
- 通过阿片类药物转移HCW的不安全做法间接传播是主要的途径.
- 实时监控,防改系统和严格遵守感染预防是必不可少的.
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