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Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...

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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

时间在他们身边:视觉定时器如何影响初级数学评估中的预期焦虑,表现和任务行为.

Quentin Hallez¹, Victoire Vallier¹

¹Unité de Recherche DIPHE "Développement, Individu, Processus, Handicap et Éducation", Institut de Psychologie, University Lumière Lyon 2, 69500 Bron, France.

European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education

|December 24, 2025

概括

此摘要是机器生成的。

视觉计时器有效地减少了数学焦虑,并改善了儿童的任务行为. 虽然数学表现没有变化,但时间计时器有助于最大限度地减少任务之外的行为,特别是那些有ADHD风险的人.

关键词:

焦虑是一种焦虑.评估评估的评估评估的评估.行为行为行为行为行为.孩子们的孩子们的孩子们的孩子们.视觉定时器是一个视觉定时器.

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Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

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Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

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Published on: July 19, 2017

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

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Published on: September 12, 2014

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

科学领域:

教育心理学教育心理学
儿童发展儿童发展

背景情况:

众所周知,视觉定时器可以降低儿童的焦虑和提高儿童的表现.
以前的研究表明有好处,但互动模式和对非任务行为的影响需要进一步调查.

研究的目的:

为了检查视觉定时器 (Time-Timer) 对7至9岁学生的数学表现,焦虑和任务行为的影响.
探索儿童如何与视觉定时器互动,以及使用是否影响非任务行为.
评估对患有注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 风险较高的儿童的影响.

主要方法:

44名儿童在两个条件下完成了计时数学评估:有和没有可见的时间计时器.
反平衡设计被用来比较条件.
测量了焦虑水平,数学表现和任务行为 (不注意,运动不稳定). 康纳斯的问卷评估了ADHD风险.

主要成果:

视觉定时器在数学评估前显著减少了预期性焦虑.
两种条件之间没有发现数学表现的显著差异.
时间定时器条件导致注意力不集中和运动不稳定行为的显著减少,特别是在患ADHD风险较高的儿童中.
与时间计时器的接触在参与者之间差异很大.

结论:

视觉定时器有助于减少焦虑和促进定时评估期间的任务行为.
这项研究强调,需要考虑儿童如何与视觉定时器互动的个体差异.
研究结果支持使用视觉定时器作为一种工具,以支持儿童在学术任务期间的专注和情绪调节.