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不基于ce的加密的量子安全性

Shuping Mao1, Peng Wang2, Yan Jia3,4

  • 1Beijing Electronic Science & Technology Institute, Beijing 100070, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
概括

用加密中的nonces取代随机初始化向量 (IVs) 可以危及量子安全. 基于nonce的新加密模式 (CBC2,CFB2,OFB2,CTR2) 提供了对量子对手的可证明的安全性.

关键词:
在 N-IND-qCPA 中,在R-IND-qCPA中使用.基于非ce 的加密.

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科学领域:

  • 密码学 密码学 密码学 密码学
  • 量子计算安全 量子计算安全
  • 信息理论 信息理论

背景情况:

  • 当使用随机初始化向量 (IV) 时,CBC,CFB,OFB和CTR等经典加密模式对量子选择纯文本攻击 (IND-qCPA) 是安全的.
  • 然而,当随机IVs被nonces取代时,这些模式的安全性降低,影响了经典和量子安全性保证.

研究的目的:

  • 研究在对称加密中使用nonces而不是随机IVs的量子安全影响.
  • 开发和提出新的基于nonce的加密模式,以保持对量子对手的安全.
  • 建立一个系统的框架,用于过渡现有的基于IV的加密方案,以确保基于非ce的替代方案.

主要方法:

  • 分析基于非ce的加密安全性,根据对量子选择纯文本攻击 (IND-qCPA) 的不可区分模型进行分析.
  • 为将R-IND-qCPA (随机化) 证券转换为N-IND-qCPA (基于非货币) 证券,开发一个一般转换.
  • 介绍和可证明的增强非基于密码的加密变体的安全分析:CBC2,CFB2,OFB2和CTR2.

主要成果:

  • 用CBC,CFB,OFB和CTR等标准加密模式中的nonces取代随机IV,会损害它们的IND-qCPA安全性.
  • 拟议的转型成功地将随机安全升级为基于非ce的安全.
  • 新的模式CBC2,CFB2,OFB2和CTR2被证明是N-IND-qCPA安全的.
  • 基于nonce的流密码加密本质上满足了N-IND-qCPA的安全性.

结论:

  • 基于标准IV的加密模式在使用nonces而不是随机IV时对量子对手不安全.
  • 拟议的CBC2,CFB2,OFB2和CTR2模式为非ce基础加密提供了可证明的量子安全性.
  • 这些发现为增强实用的对称加密来应对不断变化的量子威胁提供了关键的框架.