诊断:一个两阶段的注意力引导的诊断框架,用于病理的细分和分类.
Hilal Tekin1, Şafak Kılıç2,3, Yahya Doğan4
1Department of Computer Engineering, Gaziantep Islamic Science and Technology University, Gaziantep 27260, Turkey.
Journal of imaging
|December 24, 2025
概括
深度学习框架DiagNeXt准确地细分和分类病理. 这种新的方法显著提高了诊断准确性,并提供可解释的不确定性地图,以便更好地做出临床决策.
科学领域:
- 医学成像分析 医学成像分析
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 腎病學 診斷 診斷 腎病學
背景情况:
- 由于形态变异和阶级不平衡,精确的病理细分和分类具有挑战性.
- 现有的计算机辅助诊断方法难以处理复杂的图像分析.
研究的目的:
- 引入DiagNeXt,这是一个两阶段的深度学习框架,用于增强病理学细分和分类.
- 解决医疗图像分析中的挑战,以计算机辅助诊断脏疾病.
主要方法:
- 开发了DiagNeXt,这是一个两阶段的框架,使用注意力增强的ConvNeXt架构进行细分 (DiagNeXt-Seg) 和分类 (DiagNeXt-Cls).
- 纳入了增强的卷积块 (ECB),空间注意力,Atrus空间金字塔聚合 (ASPP),上下文感知特征融合 (CAFF) 和证据深度学习 (EDL).
- 利用了边界感知复合损失和注意力引导的跳过连接来实现精确的细分和特征保护.
主要成果:
- 获得了98.9%的分类准确度,在大型脏CT数据集上超过了6.8%的最新技术.
- 对于正常 (1,000),瘤 (1,000),囊 (0.999) 和石头 (0.994) 病理的AUC得分几乎是完美的.
- 展示了6.2倍更快的推断速度,并提供了可临床解释的不确定性地图和注意力可视化.
结论:
- DiagNeXt为病理学分析提供了卓越的诊断准确性和计算效率.
- 该框架的解释性和不确定性估计提高了其临床适用性.
- DiagNeXt显示出强大的潜力,可以集成到临床系统,用于病诊断和治疗规划.
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