结核菌炎和结核菌病:临床谱,免疫机制和风险管理
Qibin Liu1,2, Xiyong Dai1, Shuang Wei1,3
1Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Hubei Province Branch of National Center for Clinical Medicine of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430000, China.
Vaccines
|December 24, 2025
概括
巴西尔·卡尔梅特-盖林 (BCG) 疫苗预防结核病,但可能导致免疫缺陷的婴儿罕见的不良事件. 新生儿对SCID的查允许安全的BCG延期,最大限度地降低风险,同时保持结核病保护.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 巴西尔·卡尔梅特-盖林 (BCG) 是唯一获得许可的结核疫苗,每年在全球范围内给超过1亿新生儿.
- BCG对儿童严重的结核病形式,如结核性脑膜炎和千里性结核病,提供了显著的保护.
- 作为一种活体减弱疫苗,BCG携带传播BCG疾病 (BCGosis) 的罕见风险,主要是在严重免疫缺陷的婴儿中.
研究的目的:
- 综合自2010年以来公布的关于BCG相关并发症的全球数据.
- 分析疫苗亚菌株,施用技术和宿主免疫状况对不良事件发生率的影响.
- 提出一个风险评估工具 (BCG-RAKE) 以实现更安全的BCG疫苗部署.
主要方法:
- 自2010年以来,对BCG并发症的全球数据进行系统审查和综合.
- 对BCG相关不良事件的临床谱,免疫病原发生和流行病学的分析.
- 开发一个基于证据的风险评估清单 (BCG-RAKE).
主要成果:
- 使用TREC测定方法进行严重综合免疫缺陷 (SCID) 的全方位新生儿查,可识别和推迟高风险婴儿.
- 这种查策略几乎可以消除致命的BCGosis.
- 数据综合突出了影响BCG并发症率的因素,包括疫苗亚菌株和宿主免疫力.
结论:
- 对SCID进行新生儿查对于预防致命的BCGosis至关重要.
- 拟议的BCG-RAKE检查清单可以帮助更安全地使用BCG疫苗.
- 通过明智的风险评估,可以平衡结核病控制的好处,并尽量减少BCG相关的风险.
相关概念视频
Infection
11.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.6K
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management
439
Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
Pharmacologic...
439
Immunodeficiency Diseases
1.9K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
1.9K
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis
854
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
854
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
13.2K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.2K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
2.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.6K


