走向普遍保护:对肺炎球菌病的全面审查,新兴疫苗接种挑战和未来前景
Mayla Sgrulletti1, Maria Felicia Mastrototaro2, Alessandra Beni3
1Pediatric Immunopathology and Allergology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Vaccines
|December 24, 2025
概括
肺炎球菌结合疫苗 (PCV) 已经减少了侵入性肺炎球菌疾病 (IPD),但血清型替代需要新的疫苗. PPSV23有助于诊断先天性免疫错误 (IEI),未来重点是基于蛋白质的通用疫苗.
科学领域:
- * 传染病流行病学
- * 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- * 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- * *Streptococcus pneumoniae*通过侵袭性肺炎球菌病 (IPD) 引起了全球显著的发病率,死亡率和医疗保健费用.
- *肺炎球菌结合疫苗 (PCV) 在降低IPD发病率和建立群体保护方面取得了成功.
- * 用非疫苗血清型替代血清型对正在进行的疾病控制工作构成挑战.
研究的目的:
- *审查肺炎球菌病的流行病学和疫苗策略的演变.
- * 检查全球肺炎球菌疾病控制方面的挑战,包括血清型替代和诊断局限性.
- *强调肺炎球菌疫苗在诊断先天性免疫错误 (IEI) 中的作用.
主要方法:
- *关于肺炎球菌疾病流行病学,疫苗开发和诊断应用的综合文献综述.
- * 肺炎球菌结合疫苗 (PCV) 和血清型替代疫苗的影响分析.
- *评价肺炎球菌多糖体疫苗 (PPSV23) 作为先天免疫错误 (IEI) 的诊断工具.
主要成果:
- *PCVs显著减少了疫苗类型的IPD,但导致了血清型替代,推动了对高价值疫苗 (PCV15,PCV20,PCV21) 的需求.
- * PPSV23是天生的免疫错误 (IEI),特别是幽默缺陷的关键诊断,尽管诊断试验面临挑战.
- *在高风险群体中,疫苗的有效性可能会受到损害,需要个性化策略.
结论:
- *扩大PCV覆盖范围和个性化策略对于管理残留肺炎球菌疾病负担至关重要.
- *开发以蛋白质为基础的通用疫苗,以保护性毒性因子为目标,是科学优先事项.
- * 结合先进的PCV和新型疫苗技术的综合方法对于全球肺炎球菌疾病控制至关重要.
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