在患有活性急性髓性白血病的患者中,全源造血干细胞移植后复发
Julian Ronnacker1, Marc-Andre Urbahn1, Christian Reicherts1
1Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
Leukemia research
|December 24, 2025
概括
针对急性髓性白血病 (AML) 的全原造血细胞移植 (HCT) 后复发的治疗具有挑战性. 临近复发的早期检测和及时的捐赠淋巴细胞输液 (DLI) 可以改善结果,并实现可测量的残留疾病 (MRD) - 阴性缓解.
科学领域:
- 血液学 血液学 血液学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 免疫治疗是一种免疫疗法.
背景情况:
- 针对急性髓性白血病 (AML) 的异构造血细胞移植 (HCT) 后复发带来了重大治疗挑战.
- 识别患有复发风险的患者和了解治疗疗效对于改善生存率至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查AML患者在HCT后复发后的结局.
- 为了比较不同复发治疗的有效性,重点关注即将发生的分子复发与明显的血液复发.
主要方法:
- 在2014年至2024年期间,在HCT后复发的67名AML患者的回顾性分析.
- 患者被分为即将发生的分子复发 (基于遗传异常或嵌合体) 或明显的血液复发.
- 评估整体存活率 (OS),无复发存活率 (RFS) 和对包括捐赠淋巴细胞输液 (DLI) 在内的治疗反应.
主要成果:
- 患有即将复发的患者的2年生存率为45%,其中57%的患者在DLI后实现了MRD阴性缓解.
- 在未接受DLI的即将复发患者中,RFS显著较短 (HR 3.23,P=.02).
- 患有明显复发的患者的治疗结果不佳,一年生存率为24%.
结论:
- 密切的移植后监测对于早期检测高风险AML复发至关重要.
- 及时的基于免疫的治疗,如DLI,对于即将出现的复发,可以诱导持久的MRD阴性缓解,并改善RFS.
- 在即将复发的早期干预可能比没有DLI的低甲基化剂等治疗方法提供更好的结果.
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