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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

A Testing Platform for Durability Studies of Polymers and Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites under Concurrent Hygrothermo-mechanical Stimuli
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[改善聚碳酸食品装置,容器和包装中的氨基的材料测试方法]

Yohei Kataoka1, Motoh Mutsuga2, Yutaka Abe1

  • 1National Institute of Health Sciences.

Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
概括

一种新的分析方法可以准确地测量食品包装中的三乙烯胺 (TEA) 和三乙烯胺 (TBA). 这种经过验证的方法克服了以前的挑战,确保可靠的氨基含量确定.

关键词:
食品设备,容器和包装的使用情况.聚碳酸聚碳酸的使用情况三胺; 试验材料三乙烯胺的三乙烯胺

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Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
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Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines

Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
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Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
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Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test01:23

Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test

The Hinsberg test is a method to identify primary, secondary and tertiary amines, named after its pioneer, Oscar Hinsberg. Here, amines are treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride, also known as the Hinsberg reagent, in the presence of an excess of aqueous base, followed by acidification. Based on the nature of the amines, different changes are observed.
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing sulfonyl...
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Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Amides and Nitriles01:13

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Amides and Nitriles

Nitriles can be reduced to primary amines using reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride or catalytic hydrogenation. The reduction introduces an amino group with an extra carbon in the skeleton. Nitriles are formed from the reaction between alkyl halides and sodium cyanide through the SN2 mechanism. Primary alkyl halides are the preferred substrates to prepare nitriles.
Amides can be reduced to primary, secondary, and tertiary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, active metals like Fe,...
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2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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