痴呆症护理研究和心理社会因素
Natanya S Russek1, Philip E Lee1
1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 24, 2025
概括
非药物干预 (NPI) 改善轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 和痴呆症的认知能力. 结合认知和运动策略的多领域方法为认知健康提供了最显著的好处.
科学领域:
- 老年学和认知神经学.
- 神经科学和公共卫生干预措施
背景情况:
- 在老年人群中,轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 和痴呆症的患病率越来越高,需要有效的干预措施.
- 非药物干预 (NPI) 是安全的,耐受性良好,并被患者所喜欢,但缺乏全面的指导方针.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查有关早期认知衰退的非药物干预 (NPI) 的文献.
- 综合关于NPI有效性的证据,特别是与FINGER模型一致的那些,以改善认知和功能.
主要方法:
- 2014-2024年间发表的元分析和随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统审查.
- 纳入标准:60岁以上患有MCI或痴呆症 (MMSE>20) 的患者,评估认知和/或功能.
- 通过FINGER模型和先前的AAIC审查 (Sikkes等人2021) 支持的NPI的集中审查.
主要成果:
- 26项研究符合标准,重点关注运动 (n=16),认知 (n=4),多组件 (n=5) 和正念 (n=1) 干预措施.
- 运动 (包括舞蹈,运动游戏,心灵与身体) 改善了整体和认知功能;单独走路没有显示好处.
- 认知干预 (刺激,正念,多元组件) 证明了认知益处;VR认知训练在一项研究中改善了功能.
结论:
- 非药物干预 (NPI) 对MCI和轻度痴呆症患者的认知有积极的影响.
- 综合认知和运动组成部分,正念和认知训练的多领域干预措施产生了最大的益处.
- 建议考虑患者因素的个性化方法;需要对最佳干预参数进行进一步研究.
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