使用多尺度物种分布模型对美洲虎息地的适宜性进行范围广泛的评估
Guilherme Costa Alvarenga1,2, Caroline C Sartor3, Samuel A Cushman3
1Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU), Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Life and Mind Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3EL, UK. guilherme.costaalvarenga@biology.ox.ac.uk.
Scientific reports
|December 24, 2025
概括
识别重要的美洲虎息地是保护的关键. jaguars 喜欢靠近水的地方,避免人类活动,亚马逊和玛雅森林是重要的堡垒.
科学领域:
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 空间生态学空间生态学
- 野生动物管理 野生动物管理
背景情况:
- 美洲虎 (Panthera onca) 面临着人类活动带来的重大威胁,需要精确的息地识别以制定有效的保护战略.
- 了解息地选择对于缓解人类和美洲虎之间的冲突以及确保物种生存至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用大规模数据集,模拟美洲虎 (Panthera onca) 在其历史范围内的息地适应性.
- 确定影响美洲虎息地选择的关键环境因素,并确定关键的保护区.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自七个国家的172只美洲虎的GPS遥测数据,这是迄今为止最大的数据集.
- 开发了多级资源选择函数 (RSF),结合15个环境共变量来预测息地的适宜性.
- 使用AUC和博伊斯指数验证模型性能,并与现有的密度和分布数据相关预测.
主要成果:
- 美洲虎倾向于在水源附近的生产性息地,并积极避免人类修改的景观,包括人口密度和牲畜密度较高的地区.
- 息地适应性模型表现出强大的预测准确性 (AUC = 0.88;博伊斯指数 = 0.91).
- 确定亚马逊和玛雅森林是美洲虎的核心据点,在潘坦纳尔,格兰查科,塞拉多和墨西哥沿海地区还有其他高度适合的地区.
结论:
- 捷保护区 (JCU) 和保护区 (PA) 涵盖了相当一部分适合的息地,但非指定土地也具有重要的适用性,突出了景观层面保护的需要.
- 生态区域特定的建模揭示了保护优先级的转变,增加了巴拉圭,阿根廷和美国等国家的相关性.
- 有效的美洲虎保护需要一个综合的方法,考虑保护区和更广泛的景观连接,特别是在巴西,巴拉圭和阿根廷等地区.
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