过程评估是否能打开医疗保健中实施干预措施的"黑子"? 一个范围审查审查
Ella L Bracci1, Sarah Collyer1, Candice Oster1
1Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.
Implementation science : IS
|December 24, 2025
概括
嵌入随机对照试验 (RCT) 的过程评估对于理解实施干预措施至关重要. 本次审查强调了需要优化它们的设计和报告,以推进实施科学和实践.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 实施科学 实施科学
- 临床试验 临床试验
背景情况:
- 过程评估对于理解医疗保健中的复杂干预是必不可少的.
- 实施干预的随机对照试验 (RCT) 越来越多地使用嵌入式过程评估.
- 对现有流程评估的审查是及时的,以了解它们的解释能力.
研究的目的:
- 探索实施干预措施的RCT的过程评估.
- 检查这些过程评估是如何进行的.
- 确定如何以及为什么实施干预措施成功或失败的洞察力.
主要方法:
- 根据JBI的方法进行了范围审查.
- 在多个数据库中进行了搜索:MEDLINE,CINAHL,Scopus,Web of Science和PsycINFO.
- 数据由两个独立的审核员选和提取.
主要成果:
- 包括80个独立研究中的81个过程评估.
- 几乎一半 (48%) 的试验没有证明对主要结果 (零试验) 有影响.
- 很少有模式解释了结果的差异; 常见的障碍包括知识/自我效能和资源的可用性,对环境的调整有限.
结论:
- 在RCT中嵌入的过程评估对于解释干预效应至关重要.
- 需要优化实施干预措施的设计和报告及其流程评估.
- 推进实施的科学和实践需要进一步完善这些方法.
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