临床表现 临床表现
Riccardo Borgonovo1, Martino Ceroni1, Lisa Marta Arnaud1
1Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Ticino, Switzerland.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
概括
注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 和阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 之间的遗传联系表明,ADHD的风险可能会恶化AD病理. 需要进一步的研究来澄清这些联系,并探索共同的干预目标.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 和阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是不同的神经系统疾病.
- 新出现的证据表明,共同的遗传和分子机制可能会将ADHD和AD联系起来.
- ADHD的特点是注意力不集中和过度活跃,而AD则涉及渐进的神经退行和痴呆症.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和调查ADHD和AD之间的潜在遗传重叠.
- 为了确定共同的遗传因素和分子途径涉及到两个条件.
- 探索ADHD多基因风险评分 (PRS) 在AD病理学中的潜在作用.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA指南进行了系统审查.
- 在主要的科学数据库 (PubMed,Embase,PsychInfo,Web of Science) 中进行了搜索.
- 包括使用基因分析的研究,特别是确认ADD诊断的人类参与者的ADHD PRS.
主要成果:
- 两项研究符合纳入标准,揭示了ADHD-PRS与认知衰退,tau病理和Aβ阳性个体的大脑缩之间的相关性.
- ADHD-PRS也与心脏代谢和自身免疫疾病的风险增加有关.
- 像FOXP2,APOE ε4和SNAP25这样的关键基因都与ADHD和AD有关,涉及到突触可塑性.
结论:
- 对ADHD的遗传责任可能会加剧AD病理,特别是在粉样β (Aβ) 的存在下.
- 共有的途径,包括Wnt/mTOR信号和神经炎症,是潜在的治疗点.
- 纵向研究对于确认因果关系和识别使用PRS的风险人群至关重要.
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