Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Infection01:20

Infection

11.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.6K
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

524
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
524
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

676
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
676
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

2.5K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.5K
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

64.7K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
64.7K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

2.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.6K

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Dose-response and cumulative effects of educational attainment and occupational complexity on mid to late life cognitive performance in Brazil and Mexico.

Alzheimer's & dementia. Behavior & socioeconomics of aging·2026
Same author

Multilocus Sequence Typing Reveals New Insights into the Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of <i>Lactococcus</i> spp. from Brazilian Fish.

Microorganisms·2026
Same author

Ultraprocessed Foods and the Aging Brain: State of the Science.

Annual review of nutrition·2026
Same author

Association Between Alcohol Consumption, Cognitive Abilities, and Neuropathologic Changes: A Population-Based Autopsy Study.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Undiagnosed dementia and mortality among older adults in the United States and Brazil: A cross-national cohort study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Dementia screening protocol for primary care in South America: a Delphi consensus study.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same journal

Associations of self-reported obstructive sleep apnea with cognition and dementia risk in cognitively unimpaired middle-aged adults.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Inflammation profiles in Alzheimer's disease relate to cognition and neurodegeneration.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stage modifies the efficacy of intensive blood pressure control on cognitive outcomes: A post hoc analysis of SPRINT MIND.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Evidence of APOE4-related brain vulnerabilities in verbal memory systems in midlife women.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Changes in DNA methylation-based aging predicts brain damage and dementia and reflects life-course cardiovascular risk.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Elimination of tau tangles and soluble aggregates with the small molecule ACI-16664 prevents neurodegeneration in vivo.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
查看所有相关文章

相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K

基础科学和病原发生学

Abhijit Satpati1, Felipe Luiz Pereira2, Alexander V Soloviev2

  • 1Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

在阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 中,奥雷克辛神经元是第一个退化的神经元,从布拉克I期开始. 早期的病理引发炎症和细胞压力,突出显示这些神经元是早期AD干预的关键目标.

更多相关视频

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K
A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 神经病理学神经病理学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 神经调节性皮质下系统 (NSS) 和其氧神经元 (OrxN) 对于恒温至关重要,并且是阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 病理的早期部位.
  • 素通路功能障碍与阿尔茨海默病的进展有关,最近的试验显示生物标志物的改善.
  • 人类AD中OrxN损失的精确时间和分子驱动因素仍然不太清楚,阻碍了向治疗.

研究的目的:

  • 为了确定人类阿尔茨海默氏症大脑中奥雷克辛能神经元损失的程度和时间.
  • 为了研究在AD早期奥雷克辛能神经元退化背后的分子机制.
  • 确定奥雷克辛能神经元作为早期AD干预的潜在治疗点.

主要方法:

  • 在死后的人类大脑 (布拉克阶段0-VI,n=38) 上利用了无偏见立体学来量化素A阳性神经元.
  • 对化陶 (CP13) 进行了免疫组织化学检测,并用Nissl.反染色.
  • 在侧下垂体区域 (LHA) 样本 (n=38) 上使用NanoString nCounter®进行RNA测序,用于基因表达分析.

主要成果:

  • 有氧神经元损失始于布拉克I阶段 (43%的减少),并在布拉克V-VI阶段 (70%的减少与布拉克0相比) 显著进展.
  • 在Braak II中,奥雷克辛神经元的50%下降与溶酶体功能,质反应,氧化应激和酸化通路中的基因表达变化相关.
  • 尽管有神经元损失,但与素相关的基因 (HCRT,HCRTR1) 在后来的布拉克阶段 (III-IV) 被上调.

结论:

  • 甲氧神经元代表了最早在阿尔茨海默病中退化的神经元群体,从布拉克I期开始.
  • 在LHA中早期的p-tau积累,独立于显著的β-粉样蛋白,驱动T细胞炎症,溶酶体功能障碍和氧化应激,导致OrxN损失.
  • 准OREXINERGIC神经元为早期AD干预提供了一个有希望的策略,可能提供症状和疾病修饰的好处.