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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...

Viscosity

Viscosity

When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...

Capillarity in Fluid

Capillarity in Fluid

Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...

Viscosity of Fluid

Viscosity of Fluid

Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

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Published on: April 17, 2018

界面张力调节粘性微流体滴滴生成

Aarthi Namasivayam^1,2, Christopher J Halbrook^3,2,4, Elliot E Hui^1,2

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

|December 25, 2025

概括

此摘要是机器生成的。

使用微流体液滴生成用于药物查的3D组织模型是具有挑战性的,因为高粘度. 使用表面活性剂降低表面张力有效地克服了地下膜提取物中这种粘度问题.

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Capillary-based Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for Size-controllable Formation of Monodisperse Microdroplets

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Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

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Published on: April 17, 2018

Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

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Capillary-based Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for Size-controllable Formation of Monodisperse Microdroplets

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科学领域:

生物技术是生物技术.
生物材料工程生物材料工程
药物发现药物发现药物发现

背景情况:

哺乳动物细胞培养在纳米升液滴的细胞外基质是一个有希望的平台,用于高通量药物查.
与二维培养相比,3D组织模型提供了更具生理相关性的环境.
使用粘性材料 (如地下膜提取物) 产生微流体滴滴,带来了重大的技术挑战.

研究的目的:

通过使用高粘度底层膜提取物来研究微流体液滴生成的挑战.
确定优化滴滴生成的方法,用于3D组织模型应用.
探索表面张力和表面活性剂度在克服粘度限制中的作用.

主要方法:

使用T结微流体装置进行滴滴生成.
进行了参数研究,改变了表面活性剂度.
分析了与粘度和界面张力相关的滴状形成特征.

主要成果:

底层膜提取物 (例如Matrigel,Cultrex) 的高粘度显著复杂化了微流体滴滴的产生.
与高粘度相关的毛细血管数量的增加阻碍了稳定的滴滴形成.
通过添加表面活性剂来降低表面张力,有效地消除了高粘度的负面影响.
表面活性剂度是调节界面张力和实现优质滴滴生成的关键参数.

结论:

使用粘性底层膜提取物生成微流体滴滴可以通过控制界面张力来优化.
通过表面活性剂减少界面张力是一种可行的策略,可以在3D组织模型上实现高通量查.
这种方法促进了使用生物打印3D组织模型开发先进的药物查平台.