在纳米比亚纳米比亚卡拉斯地区的公共卫生设施中预防和控制结核病感染
Nicolett Muzuki Nyambe1,2, Carolie Cloete1, Andrit Lourens1,3
1Department of Clinical Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Natural Resources and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), Windhoek, Namibia.
Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE
|December 25, 2025
概括
纳米比亚的医疗保健工作者对结核病感染预防和控制 (IPC) 具有很强的知识和态度,但实践需要改进. 解决人员短缺和加强培训是改善TB IPC实施的关键.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病控制和控制传染病
- 医疗保健管理的管理
背景情况:
- 结核病 (TB) 仍然是一个重大的全球卫生挑战,需要在医疗机构采取强有力的感染预防和控制 (IPC) 措施.
- 有效的结核病IPC实施在很大程度上依赖于医疗保健工作者 (HCW) 的知识,态度和实践 (KAP).
- 评估这些KAP方面,以及障碍,促进者和现有政策,对于优化资源有限的环境中的结核病控制策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估提供结核病 (TB) 服务的卫生保健工作者 (HCW) 关于感染预防和控制 (IPC) 的知识,态度和实践 (KAP).
- 确定影响实施和遵守TB IPC措施的障碍和促进因素.
- 评估纳米比亚 //卡拉斯地区公共卫生设施内现有的TB IPC政策.
主要方法:
- 采用了并发混合方法设计,整合了定量和定性数据收集.
- 通过向提供结核病服务的医疗保健工作者分发的在线问卷收集定量数据,并使用描述性和双变量统计数据进行分析 (Pearson χ2测试).
- 通过与结核病焦点人员的焦点小组讨论 (FGD) 收集了定性数据,并使用六阶段方法进行了主题分析.
主要成果:
- 医疗保健工作者对结核病IPC表现出高水平的知识 (91.2%) 和积极的态度 (85.3%),但实践得分较低 (61.8%).
- 确定的主要障碍包括人员短缺,基础设施不足,资源有限和缺乏管理支持,而培训,有效沟通和个人防护设备的可用性则成为促进者.
- 知识分数与HCW的地区,部门和教育水平有显著的关联.
结论:
- 虽然医疗保健工作者对结核病IPC有很好的知识和态度,但低于最佳的做法凸显了有针对性的干预措施的需要.
- 加强TB IPC需要大量投资基础设施,全面的培训计划,一致的监测和强有力的政策执行.
- 解决已识别的障碍和利用促进者对于改善公共卫生设施的结核病IPC遵守和结果至关重要.
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