临床表现 临床表现
Matthew S Welhaf1,2, Andrew J Aschenbrenner1,2, John C Morris1,2
1Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
概括
早期阿尔茨海默氏症 (AD) 损害了基于兴奋的持续注意力,在兴奋和执行功能中出现缺陷. 在执行任务期间,在早期的AD中,心灵流浪增加,突出显示复杂的注意力变化.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
背景情况:
- 注意力缺陷是阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 认知衰退的早期指标.
- 持续的注意力,对日常活动至关重要,与响应抑制相比,在AD没有研究过.
- 目前尚不清楚与AD相关的注意力缺陷是否源于执行控制的失败或兴奋的减少.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究阿尔茨海默氏症早期的持续注意力差异.
- 区分基于执行和基于兴奋的持续注意力缺陷.
- 探索心灵漫游在与AD相关的注意力变化中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在年轻的成年人,认知正常的老年人和患有非常轻微的AD的老年人中比较了持续的注意力.
- 利用持续关注响应任务 (SART) 进行基于执行的注意力和基于唤醒的注意力进行心理运动警觉任务 (PVT).
- 通过响应时间的变化,失误和思维流浪率来评估持续的注意力.
主要成果:
- 与年轻人相比,患有非常轻微的AD的老年人在SART和PVT上表现更差.
- 认知上正常的老年人与非常轻度的AD患者之间的显著差异仅在PVT (基于兴奋) 中发现.
- 与认知正常的老年人相比,在SART (基于执行) 期间,患有非常轻微的AD的老年人报告说,他们的思想在SART (基于执行) 期间更加漂泊.
结论:
- 非常早期的阿尔茨海默氏症会影响基于兴奋的持续注意力.
- 在阿尔茨海默症的早期阶段,在基于执行的注意力任务中,心灵的流浪是很高的.
- 在AD早期持续的注意力缺陷涉及兴奋和执行组件,根据测量表现不同.
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