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临床表现 临床表现

Teresa Parrao1,2, Rodrigo Saguez2,3, Daniela Thumala2,4

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性别,教育和年龄等社会文化因素对老年人的功能能力评估有很大影响. 仔细解释反应至关重要,以避免错误分类认知障碍.

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科学领域:

  • 老年学是指老年学的学科.
  • 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
  • 社会学 社会学 社会学

背景情况:

  • 功能能力是认知健康的关键指标,区分认知不受损的衰老,轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 和痴呆症.
  • 社会文化因素 (性别,教育,年龄) 影响参与日常活动,使功能评估复杂化.
  • 每日生活活动问卷-技术 (T-ADLQ) 评估日常生活的工具性,基本和高级活动,包括"从未做过/不知道" (ND/DK) 答案选项,这可能表明与认知状态无关的差异.

研究的目的:

  • 分析社会文化因素对功能能力评估的影响,使用T-ADLQ.
  • 调查性别,教育和年龄如何影响老年人"从未做过/不知道" (ND/DK) 反应率.
  • 确定在认知衰老中对功能性评估的文化敏感解释的需要.

主要方法:

  • 来自GERO队列的ND/DK反应的分析,这是一项针对智利圣地亚哥291名没有痴呆症的老年人 (≥70岁) 的前性研究.
  • 在三年时间内评估认知,功能,心理社会和医疗因素.
  • 在性别,教育和年龄组之间使用比例平等测试对ND/DK反应分布的统计比较.

主要成果:

  • 与女性相比,男性在家务 (,洗衣,清洁,药物管理) 中报告了较高的ND/DK率.
  • 女性在家庭维修,就业,驾驶和ATM使用方面表现出更高的ND/DK率.
  • 教育程度较低 (<6年) 与财务管理,驾驶和技术使用方面的ND/DK率较高相关.
  • 年龄较大 (≥80岁) 与较高的ND/DK率有关,在家庭维护,手机使用和互联网接入方面.

结论:

  • 社会文化因素显著影响功能能力评估,揭示了基于性别,教育和年龄的差异.
  • "从未做过/不知道" (ND/DK) 答案需要仔细解释,以防止在认知衰老评估中错误分类功能障碍.
  • 评估工具必须得到改进,以考虑到社会文化差异,以便更准确的认知健康评估.