临床表现 临床表现
Alexandra J Weigand1, Fareshte Erani2, Caitlin M Terao3
1Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
概括
认知健康的老年人表现出不同的认知模式. 较低的执行功能与脑血管问题有关,而低的记忆力可能通过单独的途径信号阿尔茨海默病风险.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 认知正常 (CU) 的老年人表现出阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症 (ADRD) 的各种风险.
- 在CU个体中识别早期认知表型对于及时干预至关重要.
- 社区动脉样硬化风险 (ARIC) 研究为检查认知异质性提供了有价值的队列.
研究的目的:
- 在CU老年人中使用数据驱动的方法来分类不同的认知表型.
- 调查已识别的认知表型与ADRD/脑血管结果之间的关联.
- 探索神经成像和生物标志物在认知表型之间的差异.
主要方法:
- 在ARIC研究中,从4737 CU的老年人中,对10个人口调整的神经心理z-score进行了潜在的个人资料分析.
- 基于人口统计,抑郁症状和血管风险因素 (VRF) 的表型比较.
- 在子集中分析白质超强度 (WMH),海马体积 (HV) 和血生物标志物 (Aβ42/40,ptau181,NfL,GFAP).
主要成果:
- 一个6类的解决方案确定了不同的认知表型 (例如,平均整体,低记忆,低执行力).
- 在人口统计学,抑郁症状,VRF,WMH,HV,Aβ42/40,ptau181.1,等方面,表型显著不同.
- 特定的表型显示了相关性:低执行力与高WMH,低记忆力与低Aβ42/40和高ptau181.
结论:
- 认知异质性甚至存在于CU老年人中,这表明不同的风险轨迹.
- 较低的执行性能与脑血管变化相关.
- 记忆障碍与阿尔茨海默病相关的生物标志物有关,这表明认知能力下降的不同途径.
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