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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

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[在体外诊断中使用miRNA作为生物标记物的应用]

Yurong Ji¹, Xin Zhou¹, Meilin Liu¹

¹Greater Bay Area Center for Medical Device Evaluation and Inspection. NMPA, Shenzhen, 518045.

Zhongguo yi liao qi xie za zhi = Chinese journal of medical instrumentation

|December 25, 2025

概括

微RNAs (miRNAs),小RNA分子,作为体外诊断的生物标志物显示出希望. 本综述涵盖了miRNA功能,检测方法和临床应用的挑战.

科学领域:

分子生物学分子生物学
生物化学生物化学
遗传学是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

微RNA (miRNA) 是非编码的小RNA,在转录后调节基因表达.
在各种生物过程中,miRNAs起着至关重要的作用.
它们在体外诊断 (IVD) 中作为生物标志物的应用是一个快速增长的领域.

研究的目的:

为了引入miRNA生物发生和功能.
审查miRNAs作为疾病生物标志物的潜力.
分析当前和新兴的miRNA检测技术用于临床诊断.

主要方法:

关于miRNA生成,功能和生物标志物潜力的文献综述.
五种传统miRNA检测技术的总结,包括它们的优缺点.
列举两个新兴的miRNA检测技术.

主要成果:

miRNAs是生物过程的强有力的调节者,并显示出作为疾病生物标志物的前景.
传统的miRNA检测方法在广泛的临床应用方面存在局限性.
新兴技术为miRNA分析提供了潜在的改进.

结论:

对于miRNAs作为IVD生物标志物的显著潜力存在.
临床翻译必须解决预期使用,参考间隔,测试程序和分析性能方面的挑战.
需要进一步的研究和标准化,才能充分实现miRNA生物标志物的临床实用性.

关键词:

生物标志物生物标志物在体外诊断 in vitro诊断这是一个小RNARNA.这是下一代测序.聚合酶连锁反应的发生.

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相关概念视频

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...